What are the safety precautions that should be taken when using cermet inserts

Lathe inserts are the replaceable cutting tips that are mounted on the cutting edge of a lathe tool. The quality and type of lathe inserts used can have a big impact on the efficiency and precision of the machining process. There are various types of lathe inserts available and each one is designed to perform a specific cutting task. In this article, we will be Carbide Burr Set discussing the different types of lathe inserts and their specific applications.

CBN Inserts

CBN or Cubic Boron Nitride inserts are used in high-speed machining of hardened materials, such as cast iron and steel. CBN inserts have a high thermal conductivity and high abrasion resistance, making them ideal for machining hard materials. They are also effective in reducing heat generation during the cutting process.

Ceramic Inserts

Ceramic inserts are commonly used in finishing operations of cast iron and steel materials. They have a low coefficient of friction which makes them ideal for high-speed cutting operations. Ceramic inserts also have a high resistance to heat, making them suitable for cutting processes that produce high temperatures.

Carbide Inserts

Carbide inserts are the most commonly used inserts in lathe machines. They are made of tungsten carbide and are highly resistant to wear and tear, making them ideal for high-speed and heavy-duty machining applications. Carbide inserts are available in a range of grades and coatings, each catering to specific machining applications.

Diamond Inserts

Diamond inserts are used for precision machining of non-ferrous metals and plastics. They are the hardest inserts available and can withstand extreme temperatures without losing their sharpness. Diamond inserts are not suitable for machining ferrous metals as the carbon content in steel can react with the diamond and cause damage to the insert.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of lathe insert is crucial Zccct Inserts for achieving efficient, accurate machining. Each type of insert caters to specific applications and material types. When selecting a lathe insert, it is important to consider the cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and material hardness to ensure that the chosen insert performs optimally. Understanding the different types of lathe inserts can help machinists choose the right insert for their machining needs and increase efficiency and precision in the manufacturing process.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/tungsten-carbide-inserts/

Tungsten Carbide Inserts A Cost Effective Solution for Precision Machining_2

CNC cutting inserts are an essential component in the manufacturing industry. They are used to shape, cut, and form various materials to create WCKT Insert parts and products. The materials that are commonly used in the manufacturing industry include aluminum, steel, titanium, and plastics.

The consistency of the quality of the finished product depends on the accuracy and precision of the CNC cutting insert. The insert must be designed to be durable, precise, and long-lasting. The materials that are used to make the cutting insert can vary, from tungsten carbide to ceramic.

The cutting edge of the insert must stay sharp. With each cut, the edge of the insert becomes worn and dull over time. To maintain the cutting quality, the inserts are designed with replaceable tips. These tips can be easily removed and replaced with a new one when the old one becomes worn.

The consistency DCMT Insert of the quality of the cut also depends on the shape and size of the insert. The shape and size of the insert are custom designed to fit each specific type of material. The insert must be able to handle different types of materials and maintain its consistency in each cut.

The CNC machine is also designed to maintain consistent quality. The machine is programmed to control the speed and pressure of the cut. The operator can adjust the machine to maintain the desired speed and pressure for each cut. The machine and the insert work together to maintain the consistency of the quality of the finished product.

In conclusion, CNC cutting inserts are an essential component in the manufacturing industry. The consistency of the quality of the finished product depends on the accuracy and precision of the CNC cutting insert. The design, shape, size, material and replaceable tips of the insert, along with the accuracy of the machine, work together to maintain the consistency of the quality of the finished product.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/coated-inserts/

The Role of Cutting Inserts in Achieving High Quality Tapping and Thread Milling

Cermet inserts are important cutting tools in the metalworking industry that are used in machining processes such as drilling, milling, and turning. These inserts are made from a combination of ceramic and metallic materials, which makes them extremely hard and durable. The cost of cermet inserts varies depending on the type, size, and brand.

On average, cermet inserts can cost anywhere from $10 to $50 per piece, and they are typically sold in packs of 10 or more. The cost may be higher for specialized inserts that are designed for specific applications or for inserts that require Coated Inserts custom configurations or sizes.

When shopping for cermet inserts, it is important to consider factors such as the quality of the materials, the precision of the manufacturing process, and the overall performance of the insert. Cheaper inserts may be tempting, but they may not be as durable or effective as higher-end options.

It is also worth noting that most cermet inserts are designed to be used multiple times, and they can often be sharpened or reconditioned to extend their lifespan. This can help to offset the initial cost of the inserts and make them more cost-effective in the long run.

In addition to the cost of the inserts themselves, there may be additional expenses associated with using cermet inserts. For example, some cutting tools may require special holders or adaptors to be properly used, and these items can add to the overall cost of the process. It is important to factor in all of these expenses when assessing the cost-effectiveness of cermet inserts compared to other cutting tools.

Overall, cermet inserts can be an excellent cutting tool option for many metalworking applications. While they may be more expensive than some other options, their durability tungsten carbide inserts and effectiveness can make them a cost-effective choice in the long run. By comparing different options and considering all of the associated costs, businesses and individuals can select the best cermet inserts for their needs and budget.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.cuttinginsert.com/pro_cat/drilling-inserts/index.html

How do cutting inserts enhance the efficiency of turning and milling operations

When it comes to turning materials on a lathe, one of the biggest challenges is minimizing burr formation. Burrs are unwanted pieces of material that can result in a poor surface finish, dimensional inaccuracies, and even damage to the cutting tool. Fortunately, there are several ways to reduce burr formation, and one of the most effective is choosing the right cutting inserts.

Cutting inserts are small, replaceable tips that are mounted onto a cutting tool holder. They come in a variety of shapes, materials, and coatings, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the right insert for a specific machining application can make a big difference in the quality and efficiency of the cutting process.

Here are some tips for minimizing burr formation in turning with the right cutting inserts:

1. Use inserts with a sharp cutting edge

A dull cutting edge can cause the material to tear or push ahead of the tool, leading to burrs. Inserts with a sharp cutting edge can reduce cutting forces and produce a smoother surface finish.

2. Select the right insert geometry

Different materials and machining operations require different insert geometries. For example, a positive rake End Mills for Hardened angle (where the cutting edge is angled upward) can reduce cutting forces and burrs when turning softer materials like aluminum. On the other hand, a negative rake angle (where the cutting edge is angled downward) can provide more cutting force and reduce burrs when turning harder materials like steel.

3. Consider the insert coating

Inserts with coatings like TiN (titanium nitride), TiCN (titanium carbonitride), and TiAlN (titanium aluminum nitride) can improve tool life and reduce burr formation. These coatings can provide better wear resistance, lower friction, and improved chip evacuation.

4. Use a stable DCMT Insert cutting process

A stable cutting process with proper tool alignment, cutting speed, and feed rate can also help minimize burr formation. A accurate and stable machine will reduce both vibrations and pressure. As a result, it will have less burr formation.

In conclusion, reducing burr formation in turning requires careful consideration of many factors, including the material being machined, the insert geometry, and the cutting process. By using the right cutting inserts and following these tips, machinists can achieve optimal results and minimize burr formation.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.cuttinginsert.com/pro_cat/face-milling-inserts/index.html

The Future of Carbide Inserts Innovations and Emerging Trends

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) cutting is an advanced technology that uses computers to control machines in the manufacturing process. With CNC cutting, intricate cutting tasks can be performed efficiently and precisely. To achieve high-quality CNC cutting results, several key factors need to be considered during the cutting process.

Quality of Material: The quality of the material being cut is one of the most essential factors that can affect the final product's quality. Using high-quality materials for CNC cutting ensures that the final product is durable, efficient, and meets the required specifications. In the case of low-quality materials, the risk of improper cuts, machining errors, and inconsistencies are high, resulting in poor quality CNC cutting.

Programming: The CNC machine's programming is another crucial factor for ensuring high-quality cutting results. Adept programming of the CNC machine ensures that the processes are efficient and accurately cut the required geometry. The programming affects the precision and accuracy of the cutting process, and therefore, improperly written or incorrect code can lead to poor-quality CNC cutting, which will affect the final product.

Machine Maintenance: Maintaining the CNC machine is a critical factor for achieving high-quality cutting results. Any inaccuracies that occur in the CNC machine while cutting can cause unwanted marks on the final product or even damaged material. It is essential to have periodic machine End Mills for Stainless Steel maintenance, which includes the cleaning and proper alignment of the machine parts. An improperly maintained machine can result in cutting errors, which can significantly impact the quality of the final product.

Cutting Speed: The CNC machine's cutting speed is another important factor that influences its final quality results. The cutting speed settings should be adjusted based on the material being cut, its thickness, and the type of blade being used. Setting the wrong speed can result in chip buildup, reduced tool life, or a blunt blade, all of which lead to poor-quality CNC cutting.

Machining Setup: Proper setup of the machining process is critical for high-quality CNC cutting results. The machine's cutting path, blade type, and blade depth need to be set correctly, along with the feed rate and spindle RPM. Setting these parameters appropriately ensures that the final product is consistent, accurate, and meets the Milling Carbide Inserts required specifications.

In conclusion, ensuring high-quality CNC cutting results requires several key factors to be considered and managed. Paying attention to the critical factors, such as quality of material, programming, machine maintenance, cutting speed, and machining setup is essential for achieving consistent, precise, and accurate cutting results.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.cuttinginsert.com/pro_cat/dijet/index.html

Precision Threading The Art and Science of Indexable Inserts

Lathe inserts are essential tools when it comes to lathe operations. They come in various shapes, sizes, and materials, each with a specific purpose. One of the significant benefits of lathe inserts is that they can help improve the surface finish of the workpiece. In this article, we will discuss how to use lathe inserts to improve surface finish.

Choose the Right Insert

The first step in improving the surface finish is to select the correct insert. Different types of inserts have specific properties that suit particular materials and cutting conditions. The most common types of inserts are carbide, cermet, and ceramic. Carbide inserts are ideal for high-speed turning, while ceramic inserts are suitable for hard and abrasive materials.

Set Optimal Cutting Parameters

The next step in achieving a better surface finish is to set the right cutting parameters. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are essential factors that affect surface finish. To get the optimal cutting parameters, you need to consider the material being cut, the type of insert, and the machine's power.

Use the Right Tool Holder

The tool holder is an essential component of the lathe machine that holds the insert. It provides the necessary stability and rigidity to ensure accurate cuts and improve surface finish. Choosing the right tool holder also depends on the type of insert being used. For example, cermet inserts require a holder with high torque capacity, while carbide inserts require a holder with shock resistance.

Check and Adjust Tool Runout

Tool runout happens when the insert is not running true to the axis of the lathe. Shank Cutting Burr This problem can cause inconsistent cuts APMT Insert and poor surface finish. To check for tool runout, you can use a dial indicator. Once you have identified the problem, you can adjust the tool holder or the insert to correct it.

Use Coolant

Using coolant during lathe operations has several benefits, including improving surface finish. Coolant reduces the heat generated during cutting, preventing workpiece deformation and improving chip evacuation. Using coolant also lubricates the insert, reducing friction and wear, thus prolonging the tool's life.

Maintain the Insert

Maintaining the insert helps to ensure consistent performance and improve surface finish. You need to keep the insert clean and free from chips and debris. You can use a brush or compressed air to clean the insert. You should also check for signs of wear or damage and replace the insert before it affects performance.

Conclusion

Lathe inserts are versatile tools that can help improve surface finish when used correctly. Selecting the right insert, setting optimal cutting parameters, using the right tool holder, checking and adjusting tool runout, using coolant, and maintaining the insert are essential steps that can help achieve better surface finish.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.cuttinginsert.com/pro_cat/dijet/index.html

Does a carbide grooving insert require any special tools for installation

Cutting inserts are crucial components of machining operations and are designed to perform a variety of functions. The primary purpose of cutting inserts is to enhance chip control during machining. Chip control is the process of controlling the size, shape, and Carbide Milling Inserts formation of chips that are created during machining operations. By controlling the chip formation, the cutting process can be optimized to achieve the desired results.

Cutting inserts are designed with specific geometries that help to control the chip formation during machining. These geometries include rake angle, clearance angle, and chip breaker. The rake angle is the angle between the cutting edge and the workpiece, and it affects the cutting forces and chip formation. The clearance angle is the angle between the cutting insert and the workpiece, and it helps to reduce friction and minimize heat generation. The chip breaker is a geometry that helps to reduce the size of the chips and increase chip control.

The use of cutting inserts helps to improve chip control during machining by allowing for more precise cutting Tungsten Carbide Inserts forces. By controlling the cutting forces, the chips can be formed into a more uniform shape and size. This allows for a smoother cut and improved surface finish. Additionally, cutting inserts can help to reduce the amount of heat generated during machining, which also helps to improve chip control.

Cutting inserts are a vital component of machining operations, and they provide many benefits. By controlling the chip formation during machining, cutting inserts can help to improve the quality of the finished product. They also help to reduce the amount of heat generated during the process, which can improve the lifespan of the cutting insert and the cutting tool. Finally, cutting inserts can help to reduce the amount of time needed to complete the machining operation, making it more efficient and cost-effective.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.cuttinginsert.com/pro_cat/walter/index.html

Carbide Inserts Price Tips for Managing Inventory Costs

Lathe inserts are an essential tool when it comes to improving surface quality while using a lathe machine. They are designed to help you achieve precision cuts, reduce the risk of tool wear and ultimately, achieve a smooth and clean finish on your workpiece.

Using lathe inserts may seem a bit daunting to some, but with these few simple tips, you can take your machining skills to the next level.

Choosing the Right Lathe Insert

Before we dive into using lathe inserts, it is important to know how to choose the right type for your specific machining needs. Lathe inserts are available in various shapes, sizes, materials, and coatings, which all contribute to the quality of the finished product.

The most common materials for lathe inserts include carbide, ceramic, and high-speed steel. Carbide inserts are known for their excellent wear resistance, while ceramic inserts offer high-temperature resistance, and high-speed steel inserts are suited for low to medium speed machining.

When selecting a lathe insert, it is Mitsubishi Inserts also important to consider the geometry and chip breaker design. A suitable geometry will help minimize vibration and chatter, while an efficient chip breaker aids in chip evacuation which ultimately improves surface finish.

Proper Insert Installation

Inserts should be installed securely and accurately in their holders to ensure maximum efficiency. The insert holder should fit the insert precisely, and the locking screw must be tightened appropriately to ensure stability while machining. Improperly installed inserts will result in poor surface quality and can significantly reduce the life span of the insert.

It's essential to maintain the required clearance between the insert and the workpiece. This clearance should be checked periodically to avoid tool crashes that could damage the workpiece or the insert.

Lathe Insert Orientation

The orienting of the lathe insert is essential to achieve the desired surface finish. On a lathe machine, inserts can be rotated, positioned, or angled to achieve different cutting results. For example, negative rake angle inserts are favorable for enhanced rigidity in rough machining applications. Conversely, inserts with a positive rake angle provide smoother cutting results in finishing operations.

Insert orientation is also a critical factor for chip evacuation. Chips need to be evacuated efficiently to avoid buildup and reduce the risk of tool breakage. TCMT Insert When chips cannot be removed from the cutting zone, they can recut, causing damage to the machined surface. A well-oriented lathe insert will help to encourage proper chip removal, minimizing the possibility of chip recutting.

Maintenance of Lathe Inserts

Finally, you must maintain your lathe inserts properly. Cleaning is crucial after each use to remove debris and prevent rust or corrosion build-up. Resharpening is also an essential aspect of maintenance. Regularly sharpening blunted inserts will help to provide higher quality finishes and lengthen the lifespan of your inserts.

Lathe inserts are vital for achieving better surface quality while machining. By selecting the appropriate insert, installing it correctly, orienting it effectively, and maintaining it adequately, you can take full advantage of their capabilities. With these tips, you're ready to improve your machining skills and achieve the perfect surface finish.

The Carbide Inserts Website: https://www.estoolcarbide.com/indexable-inserts/apkt-insert/

What Do You Know about Compensations in CNC Lathe Machining

CORE Industrial Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm, has acquired Precision Metal Fab and Precision Tool & Die (PMF, Cemented Carbide Inserts collectively), a provider of metal cutting and forming solutions, via CORE portfolio company CGI Automated Manufacturing. The transactions follow CORE’s acquisition of CGI in August and Advanced Laser Machining (AL) in October.

PMF specializes in CNC laser cutting, stamping, metal die formation, welding and assembly for various end-market applications, including warehouse automation, food equipment, HVAC and utilities. PMF’s fleet of 10- and 15-kW fiber-optic lasers can reportedly cut up to 1.2-inch-thick mild steel, stainless, aluminum, brass and copper while holding tolerances up to .003 inches. PMF’s full array of fabrication capabilities support initial engineering and design assistance through prototyping and high-volume production; it features presses ranging from 60-300 tons for both short-run and long-run progressive stamping and a variety of ancillary services, including press brake forming, PEM insertion, assembly and packaging.

Matthew Puglisi, partner of CORE, says, “From state-of-the-art equipment to gun drilling inserts lights-out automation, we believe PMF is at the forefront of metal manufacturing technology and fits exceptionally well with the CGI platform. We look forward to leveraging the broader capabilities of CGI, PMF and AL to drive organic growth while continuing to pursue strategic acquisition opportunities.”

Headquartered in Ponca City, Okla., PMF serves a nationwide customer base from its centrally located 60,000 square foot facility. Greg Neisen, president of PMF, says, “On behalf of the full PMF team, we’re looking forward to joining the CGI platform and combining the respective strengths of the companies to continue exceeding expectations for our valued customers.”

The Cemented Carbide Blog: carbide Insert

How Does Woven Polypropylene Bags Are Better Then Non woven

1. CVD Diamond Introduction Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond refers to the use of CVD method, under low pressure conditions, with carbon-containing gases such as H2 and CH4 as the reaction gas, chemical reactions under plasma-assisted and certain temperature conditions, resulting in solid particle deposition Diamond obtained on the heated substrate surface. Similar to natural diamond, CVD diamond is a crystal of a single carbon atom and belongs to a cubic system. Each C atom in the crystal forms a covalent bond with sp 4 hybrid orbital and another 4 C atoms, and has strong binding force and stability. Nature and directionality; the bond length and bond angle between C atoms and C atoms are equal, and they are arranged in an ideal spatial network structure, making CVD diamonds exhibit comparable mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of natural diamonds. Comprehensive performanceAs we all know, natural diamond reserves in tungsten carbide inserts the natural world, mining costs are high, the price is expensive, it is difficult to widely promote the application in the industrial field. Therefore, the synthesis of diamond by artificial methods such as high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) and CVD has gradually become the main way for people to obtain such excellent materials with excellent properties. Diamond products synthesized by HTHP method are generally in the state of discrete single-crystal particles. Although HTHP method has been able to synthesize large single crystals with diameters larger than 10 mm with the development of science and technology, the current products are still mostly single crystals with a diameter of 5 mm or less. And mainly diamond powder. In contrast, the size of the diamond single crystal synthesized by the CVD method is determined by the size of the seed crystal, and a larger-sized diamond Carbide Milling Inserts single crystal can also be obtained by using multiple growth and “mosaic” growth methods. In addition, the CVD method can also be used to prepare large-area diamond self-supporting films by heteroepitaxial deposition or to coat diamonds on the surface of various complex shapes to form a wear-resistant or protective coating, which greatly expands the application of diamond. It can be seen that CVD diamond has a very wide range of application prospects in many fields such as machining, defense and nuclear industry. Among them, the application in the machining industry mainly includes grinding wheel dressers, trimming pens, various cutting tools, etc. When used in these aspects, only the hardness, wear resistance, and chemical stability of the diamond are involved, and transparency is not required. The properties such as dielectric loss and product preparation are relatively easy, so the application on the tool is the main field of large-scale industrial application of CVD diamond.2. CVD Diamond Coated Carbide Tools Diamond cutters currently on the market mainly include single crystal diamond tools, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools, diamond thick film welding tools, and diamond coated tools. The latter two are applications of CVD diamond as a tool. Among them, the diamond thick film welding tool is generally prepared by cutting a CVD self-supporting diamond thick film with a thickness of 0.3 mm or more and then welding it onto a substrate. Because diamond thick films can be cut into any two-dimensional shape, they are less expensive and more flexible than single-crystal tools. In addition, Co-bonds are not included in diamond thick films compared to PCD tools. High machining accuracy and high wear ratio.For diamond-coated tools, the CVD method is used to apply a diamond coating less than 30 μm thick on the surface of the tool body. Compared with the other three tools, the CVD method can apply diamond to tools with complex shapes including various drills, milling cutters, etc.; and since the diamond coating is thin and the deposition time is short, the coated tool does not need to follow up. Processing, so the cost is low.Therefore, the current tool market analysis generally believes that CVD diamond-coated tools will be one of the most important development directions of the tool industry. Of the many tool materials, WC-Co cemented carbide is the most widely used. It not only has high hardness, excellent thermal stability, but also has high strength and good toughness. It is the ideal diamond coating. Layer tool base material. The CVD diamond-coated CVD diamond-coated carbide cutting tools prepared from CVD diamond on the surface of WC-Co cemented carbide can perfectly combine diamond’s excellent wear resistance, heat dissipation, and good toughness of cemented carbide. Effectively solve the contradiction between the hardness and toughness of existing tool materials, and greatly improve the cutting performance and service life of carbide tools. In the non-ferrous metal and its alloys, various particles or fiber reinforced composite materials, high-performance ceramics and other materials processing The field has a broad application prospects.Fig. 1 Cutting edges of (a) the uncoated tool and (b) diamond coated tool after cutting testsFig. 2 Representative end milled channels in Al alloy after being cut by (a) uncoated tool and (b) diamond coated toolIn summary, diamond-coated carbide tools exhibit excellent performance in terms of turning, milling, and drilling. For example, the wear of the cutting edge is small, the service life is long, and the machining is not “sticking” and High processing accuracy. Therefore, compared with other tools, diamond-coated carbide tools can better meet the processing requirements of current new materials and ultra-precision cutting. 3. Problems and Solutions of CVD Diamond Coated Carbide ToolsAlthough a large number of research results have shown that CVD diamond coated carbide tools have excellent performance and long service life, there are also reports of successful production trials by some manufacturers at home and abroad. But so far, this tool has not been applied in large-scale industrial production. The main reason is that currently produced diamond-coated tools still have problems such as low bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, large surface roughness of the diamond coating, and poor quality stability. Among them, the low bond strength of the coating is a key technical obstacle that limits the large-scale application of this tool.The primary reason for the low bonding strength of diamond coatings is the presence of Co-bonded phases in cemented carbide substrates. At CVD diamond deposition temperatures (600 ~ 1200 °C), Co has a high saturation vapor pressure, will rapidly diffuse to the substrate surface, inhibit diamond nucleation and growth, and catalyze the formation of graphite and amorphous carbon, leading to diamond coating and The bond strength between cemented carbide substrates is reduced. In addition, the difference in physical properties such as lattice constant, hardness, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between diamond and cemented carbide materials is also a major cause of the low bonding strength of the coating.Diamond is a face-centered cubic crystal with a lattice constant a0=0.35667 nm, a hardness of 60 ~ 100 GPa, and a CTE of 0.8 ~ 4.5 × 10-6 /°C. The cemented carbide consists mainly of WC particles and a Co binder. WC For the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, the lattice constant a=0.30008 nm, c=0.47357 nm, the hardness of the cemented carbide is approximately 17 GPa, and the CTE is approximately 4.6×10-6 /°C. These differences will result in diamond coating and The thermal stress at the interface of the cemented carbide substrate is not conducive to the adhesion of the diamond coating on the cemented carbide substrate.A large number of studies have shown that pretreatment of the surface of the cemented carbide substrate to reduce the adverse effect of the Co binder on the deposition of the diamond coating is the most effective method for improving the bonding strength of the diamond coating/cemented carbide substrate. The current major pretreatment methods include:(1) Surface Removal Co TreatmentThis method usually adopts physical or chemical means to remove the Co of the surface layer of WC-Co so as to suppress or eliminate its negative influence and improve the bonding strength between the diamond coating and the substrate. Among them, the most widely used in the industry is the “acid-base two-step method”, which uses the Murakami solution (1:1:10 KOH+K3[Fe(CN)6]+H2O) to corrode the WC particles and roughen the hard alloy. The surface was then etched using Caro acid solution (H2SO4 + H2O2) to remove the surface Co. This method can inhibit the negative catalytic effect of Co to a certain extent and improve the bonding strength of the diamond coating. However, after processing, it will form a loose zone near the substrate near the surface layer, reduce the fracture strength of the coated tool, and the Co The higher the content of the binder, the more severe the impact on the tool performance.(2) Apply a transition layer methodThe method is to prepare one or more layers of transition layers between the diamond coating and the cemented carbide substrate for blocking out diffusion of Co and suppressing its negative catalytic effect on diamond deposition. Through reasonable material selection and design, the prepared transition layer can also reduce the abrupt change of the physical properties of the interface, and reduce the thermal stress caused by the differences in physical properties such as CTE between the coating and the substrate. The application of the transition layer method generally does not cause damage to the surface layer of the substrate, nor does it affect the mechanical properties such as the fracture strength of the coating tool, and it can prepare CVD diamond coatings on high Co content cemented carbides, and therefore is currently researching and improving WC- The preferred method of bonding the diamond coating on the Co substrate surface.4. Selection of transition layers and preparation methods According to the previous analysis, the application of the transition layer method can effectively suppress the negative catalytic effect of Co, and will not damage the matrix. However, to effectively achieve the function of increasing the bonding strength of the diamond coating, the material selection and preparation method of the transition layer is very important. The selection of transition layer materials generally requires following several principles:(1) It has good thermal stability.The deposition temperature of the diamond coating is generally 600 ~ 1200 °C, the transition layer material can withstand higher temperatures, does not occur softening and melting;(2) Hardness and CTE properties are best placed between diamond and cemented carbide to reduce the thermal stress caused by mismatching performance;(3) Prevents Co from migrating to the surface during diamond deposition or reacts with Co to form stable compounds;(4) It has good compatibility with diamond materials. Diamond can nucleate and grow on the surface of the transition layer. In the nucleation stage, diamond can rapidly nucleate and have a high nucleation rate.(5) The chemical properties are stable and have a certain mechanical strength, so as to avoid the formation of a soft intermediate layer and adversely affect the performance of the coating system.At present, people study and use more transition layers mainly include metals, metal carbon/nitrides, and composite transition layers composed of them. Among them, Cr, Nb, Ta, Ti, Al and Cu are generally used as the transition layer materials for the metal transition layer, and the PVD, electroplating, and electroless plating are commonly used as the preparation methods, and the PVD method is most widely used. The results show that the transition layer formed by the carbon-philic metal is more effective in improving the bonding strength of the diamond coating than the weak carbon metal. In the initial stage of diamond deposition, a layer of carbide is first formed on the surface of the metal layer, and this layer of carbide facilitates the nucleation and growth of the diamond. However, the metal transition layer has a large CTE and a high requirement for the thickness. If it is too thick, it will lead to an increase in thermal stress, decrease the bonding strength, and be too thin to completely block the outward diffusion of Co. In addition, the metal transition layer is relatively soft, which is equivalent to adding a soft layer in the middle of the hard phase, which is not conducive to the matching degree of the coating system performance.The hardness of the carbon/nitride transition layer is higher than that of the pure metal, and there is no problem of reducing the use performance of the coated tool. WC, TiC, TaC, TaN, CrN, TiN, and SiC are currently the most studied and used transition layer compounds. Such transition layers are generally prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering and other methods. Studies have shown that the carbon/nitride transition layer can effectively block the out-diffusion of Co, and thus can improve the bonding strength of the diamond coating to some extent. The degree of improvement of bonding strength of such transition layers generally depends on the matching of the CTE of the transition layer with the matrix and the diamond, the structure of the transition layer, and the wettability of the transition layer material and the diamond.Common metal carbides have a lower CTE than metal nitrides, and when carbide transition layers are used, diamonds can be nucleated directly on the transition layer, which shortens the nucleation time compared to metal transition layers and nitride transition layers. From this we can see that carbides are one of the more ideal transition layer materials. Among these metal carbide materials, HfC, NbC, Ta C, and the like have a relatively low CTE. In addition, the non-metallic carbide SiC has the lowest CTE in all carbides (β-SiCCTE=3.8×10-6/°C), which is between the cemented carbide and diamond. Therefore, there are many studies on the SiC transition layer. For example, Cabral G and Hei Hongjun used CVD method to prepare SiC transition layer on the surface of cemented carbide for deposition of diamond coating. The results show that SiC transition layer can effectively enhance the bonding between diamond coating and cemented carbide substrate.Intensity, but the CVD method directly prepared SiC coating on the surface of the cemented carbide, the content of Co binder phase in the cemented carbide substrate is not easy to be too high (generally <6%), and the deposition temperature needs to be controlled in a low range (generally 800 °C or so). This is mainly due to the fact that the catalytic action of the Co-binder phase is significant at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of SiC whiskers, and there is a large amount of voids between the whiskers and cannot be used as a transition layer. However, at low deposition temperatures, loose amorphous SiC coatings are prone to occur. Therefore, a deposition temperature range that is dense, continuous, and satisfies the use as a buffer layer of the SiC coating layer is made smaller. Therefore, when some researchers use SiC as a transition layer, in order to obtain high bonding strength, it is necessary to first use etching to remove Co in the hard alloy layer. Therefore, the catalytic action of Co has become one of the key factors limiting the use of SiC as a transition layer.The composite transition layer is generally a multi-layer coating composed of a combination of two or more kinds of metal or metal carbon/nitride materials. At present, there are many composite transition layers including W/Al, W/WC, CrN/Cr, and ZrN/. Mo, TaN-Mo, and 9x (TaN/ZrN)/TaN/Mo, etc., are also mostly PVD or CVD methods. Such transition layers generally include a Co diffusion barrier layer and a diamond-like nucleation promoting layer, that is, the functional requirements of the transition layer are fully satisfied by using a reasonable multilayer material. Compared with the single metal transition layer and the carbon/nitride transition layer, the composite transition layer is more conducive to improving the bonding strength between the diamond coating and the cemented carbide substrate. However, in order to obtain a composite transition layer with excellent performance, it is generally necessary to perform reasonable material selection and design. Otherwise, the expected effect may not be achieved because of large differences in the physical properties of the materials or the increased number of interfaces.From the perspective of the preparation method of the transition layer, currently researchers mostly use physical vapor deposition (PVD), electroplating, electroless plating, and CVD to prepare the transition layer. The obtained transition layer and the matrix are usually physically bound or only existed. A nanometer-thick diffusion layer, which adds one or more new interfaces between the diamond coating/cement substrate. A sudden change in physical properties such as CTE and hardness between the transition layer material and WC-Co will also cause interfacial stress problems, and this interfacial stress will increase with the increase of the thickness of the transition layer and the number of transition layers, affecting to some extent. Increased bonding strength. Furthermore, apart from SiC, there are still large differences in properties such as CTE and hardness between other transition layer materials and diamonds, which is not conducive to the improvement of bonding strength. Therefore, to explore a new preparation method of the transition layer, to obtain a transition layer with a gradient of composition and composition, and to avoid the interface stress caused by the new interface, it is particularly important to enhance the bonding strength of the diamond coating.
Source: Meeyou Carbide

The Cemented Carbide Blog: turning Inserts