The W-Ni-Cu series tungsten heavy alloy -Ⅱ

Tungsten carbide will face with the technical innovation. In the face of tough market situation, the manufacturers of tungsten carbide cutting tools should pay more attention to the quality of product. In recent years,  the market of tungsten carbide in China is continuously expand while the quality level is still the same which Deep Hole Drilling Inserts affected the progress of the industry. The method of human hands and artificial visual of the current domestic traditional detection is inefficiency and easy to influenced by the individual factors of testers. With the mature of detection technology, intelligent automation testing equipment is attracted more attention. Automated testing is useful for improving quality and efficiency and reducing the influence of man-made factors. It can greatly improve the efficiency of detection for the product quality.

In the next few years, China's tungsten carbide product testing will face automation era. This will accelerate the optimization of China's tungsten carbide industry. As the leader of domestic custom inspection equipment provider, Beijing Leader Tech constantly feels their way into non-standard test market in recent years. It has been successfully developed a device for tungsten carbide Carbide Threading Inserts industry aimmed at the automatic test equipment of bar and cutting tools. The device can be carried out fast precision automatic quality inspection. One device can accurately measure the thickness, length, width, the lateral deformation, flat deformation parameters of the workpiece at the same time. The detection efficiency is so surprised that one second can measure 1 piece.

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In generally, when tungsten content is less than 90%, comprehensive properties of tungsten alloy decrease for overmuch binder phase. The decreasing of properties is primary shown that tensile strength and density of tungsten alloy is low, which cannot satisfy with the requirement of density and tensile strength. With the increasing of tungsten content, tensile strength of tungsten alloy increases slightly. However, with the increasing of sintering temperature, tungsten grain in tungsten Carbide Stainless Steel Inserts alloy coarsens and elongation of tungsten alloy descends.

When tungsten content reaches 93%~95%, tungsten alloy has ideal microscopic structure. Tensile strength and elongation are the best. Continuation of adding tungsten content will make tungsten grain large and contact with tungsten grain will be increased consumedly too. Tensile strength of tungsten alloy decreases significantly. The elongation of tungsten alloy decreases closely to line with the increasing of tungsten content. When tungsten content is more than 97%, tensile strength and elongation decrease significantly. When tungsten content is more than 98%, the elongation of tungsten alloy is closed to zero. So, to achieve better comprehensive properties, the tungsten content is usually controlled between 90% and 96%.


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Tungsten Copper Military Shaped Charge Liner

Tungsten processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products.

Tungsten exhibits a body-centred cubic (bcc) crystal lattice. It has the highest melting point of all metals, 3,410° C (6,170° F), and it has high conductivity for electricity. Owing to this unique combination of properties, it is used extensively as filaments for incandescent lamps, as electric contacts, and as electron emitters for electronic devices. Tungsten also has found wide application as an alloying element for tool steels and wear-resistant alloys. Tungsten carbides are used for cutting tools and hard-facing materials owing to their hardness and resistance to wear. The metal is brittle at room temperature but ductile and strong at elevated temperatures. Its alloys are employed in rocket-engine nozzles and other aerospace applications.

Tungsten Ores
Major minerals of tungsten are essentially of two categories. The first is wolframite [(Fe, Mn)WO4], which contains iron and manganese tungstates in all proportions between 20 and 80 percent of each. The second is scheelite (CaWO4), which fluoresces a bright bluish colour under ultraviolet light.

Tungsten deposits occur in association with metamorphic rocks and granitic igneous rocks. The most important mines are in the Nan Mountains in the Kiangsi, Hunan, and Kwangtung provinces of China, which possesses about 50 Cast Iron Inserts percent of the world’s reserves. In Russia, mines are located in the northern Caucasus and around Lake Baikal. There are also deposits in Kazakhstan. About 90 percent of South Korea’s tungsten is at Sang Dong. Canada’s Northwest Territories is home to the largest tungsten mine in the Western world, and a mine at Chojlla, Bol., is the largest producer in South America. Deposits in the United States are spread along the Rocky Mountains.

Extraction and refining - Ammonium paratungstate

Tungsten ores frequently occur in association with sulfides and arsenides, which can be removed by roasting in air for two to four hours at 800° C (1,450° F). In order to produce ammonium paratungstate (APT), an intermediate compound in production of the pure metal, ores may be decomposed by acid leaching or by the Carbide Threading Inserts autoclave-soda process. In the latter process, the ground ore is maintained for 11/2 to 4 hours in a solution of 10–18 percent sodium carbonate at temperatures of 190° to 230° C (375° to 445° F) and under a pressure of 14.1–24.6 kilograms per square centimetre (200–350 pounds per square inch). Prior to the removal of unreacted gangue by filtration, the acidity is adjusted to pH 9–9.5, and aluminum and manganese sulfates are added at 70°–80° C (160°–175° F) and stirred for one hour. This can eliminate phosphorus and arsenic and reduce silica to a level of 0.03–0.06 percent. Molybdenum is removed by adding sodium sulfide at 80°–85° C (175°–185° F) at a pH of 10, holding for one hour, and then acidifying the solution to pH 2.5–3 and stirring for seven to nine hours to precipitate molybdenum sulfide. The remaining sodium tungstate solution can be further purified by a liquid ion-exchange process, using an organic extractant consisting of 7 percent alamine-336, 7 percent decanol, and 86 percent kerosene. During the countercurrent flow of the extractant through the solution, tungstate ions transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The tungsten is then stripped from the extractant into an ammonia solution containing ammonium tungstate. The resultant APT solution is sent to an evaporator for crystallization.

In the acid-leaching process, scheelite concentrate is decomposed by hydrochloric acid in the presence of sodium nitrate as an oxidizing agent. This charge is agitated by steam spraying and is maintained at 70° C (160° F) for 12 hours. The resultant slurry, containing tungsten in the form of a solid tungstic acid, is diluted and allowed to settle. The tungstic acid is then dissolved in aqueous ammonia at 60° C (140° F) for two hours under stirring. Calcium from the resulting solution is precipitated as calcium oxalate, while phosphorus and arsenic may be removed by the addition of magnesium oxide, which forms insoluble phosphates and arsenates of ammonium and magnesium. Iron, silica, and similar impurities that form colloidal hydroxides are removed by adding a small amount of activated carbon and digesting for one to two hours. The solution is clarified through pressure filters and evaporated to obtain APT crystals.

 

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Tungsten Alloy EFP Warhead & Shaped Charge Liners

When you are looking for different fashion items to wear, then you should not avoid the presence of Tungsten rings as one of your choice. These rings are generally worn as the wedding Carbide Inserts bands, promise rings, couple rings or fashion bands. In that case, Tungsten retailers come up with classy and simple designs of the rings, so that these rings can grab the attention of any kind of buyer. Different styles of rings are available in the market, which include classic, Celtic, unique inlays, precious metal inlays and colored rings. In this discussion, you will get a complete overview of these rings available for any kind of buyer.

Classic tungsten carbide rings come with the flat ring and traditional dome style. These rings are available for both men and women. These Tungsten Rings are found in different widths and finishes. Width of the wedding bands for women usually varies between 2 and 6 mm. And, width of the men's wedding band is between 7 and 10 mm. Though these days, many online retailers come with Carbide Grooving Inserts the width of 4mm and few retailers also manufacture the ring with width as thin as 2mm.

In case of Celtic Tungsten rings, they come with the classic carbide ring, with the style of meaningful twist. These bands are very much on demand for both men and women. These rings are useful as the couple rings, anniversary bands and promise rings. When you go for unique inlays, then you will see shell, wood and carbon fiber in this ring. These rings are found to be quite fragile. And, they are made from the standard precious inlays, which flaunt the beauty of the band. In case of precious metal inlays, these rings are found to be quite durable and made from more traditional metals inlaid at the center of the ring. This kind of traditional metal includes silver, gold, palladium and platinum. Due to the lower price range, Palladium is taking the place of Platinum these days.

When it is the matter of colored Tungsten rings, then they come with the black and gold variety for the wedding bands. These black and gold rings are plated with the thin layer of zirconium. This kind of ring is found to be very much durable and strong. Zirconium is found to be made from very durable material, which does not fade away or get damaged over the time. Tungsten metal cannot be colored with the chemical means. But, this kind of plating can be re-coated, till the time ring starts losing its vibrant color.

 

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